Race
for Cyberspace
Blacks open digital battle for race equality
With style and enthusiasm, Black communities in Britain
are adding a new instrument to their decades-old claims
to race equality and justice. They are harnessing their
cause to the power of the Internet, the dominant communications
technology of the 21st century.

Women
online innovators / Murchison Center, Toledo USA
People are creating innovative community-led media,
websites, chat rooms and e-mail newsletters for power,
profit and leisure. Many are using the Internet to fuel
collective advancement. Others seek to interact with
Government to improve the delivery of local services
and e-democracy. All are concerned about linking up with
their homelands and far-flung outposts of the African
Digital Diaspora.
Peering into the future, we can discern some major trends.
But first, in the African tradition, a libation for the
ancestors.
Recognition of Africa's contribution to communications
In all this talk of modernity - of information technology
and communications - it is easy to forget that humans
have been transmitting and receiving messages and
commands, whether in grunts or cries, by smoke or
drums, for
thousands of years.
Indeed, the peoples of Africa are no strangers to long
distance mass communication. Master drummers Nigerian
Babatunde Olatunji and Ghanaian Nana Appiah brought this
awareness to western audiences in the mid 20th century.
When Babatunde Olatunji beat out the message in Yoruba: "The
chief says come ...and hurry up about it!" he was
introducing a long misunderstood element of West African
communication.
Drummers can send messages that carry five miles away,
using a vocabulary of more than 500 words. When taken
up again by a succession of skilled drummers stationed
every five miles the chief's message could be heard over
great distances, according to the authoritative International
Encyclopaedia of Communication, Oxford University Press
1989.
Now, with the advent of the Internet, independent Africa
is caught in a profound transformation set in motion
by communications technology. In Sub-Saharan Africa,
long isolated from the world by high costs of conventional
information channels, the Internet is a powerful force
for change, says the journalist G Pascal Zachary. Thanks
to innovative voice-over-Internet systems, costs are
lowered and all social classes -from villagers to urbanites
- can make international telephone calls far less expensively
than ever before, he says.
New trends in cyberorganising for success
In Britain, one can discern a number of trends that
are of profound importance as Black people harness
their
cause to the Internet. Why? Because Black people
in London, where most of the nation's 1.1m people
of African
Caribbean heritage live, are at least twice as likely
to have no home Internet access as whites. They are
less likely to own personal computers or use the
Internet to build a future based on information and
communications
technology (ICT).
First, there is the relentless spread of innovative
actions to share information. BLINK, the main online
communications channel of the 1990 Trust civil rights
body, headlines Black-related issues in politics and
voting. Students in Afro-Caribbean clubs speak to each
other from more than thirty university campuses. Servicemen,
entrepreneurs and civil servants talk to friends, relatives
and colleagues in the Americas. Congo London speaks to
Africa, to Black Britain and the Black World.
Academics and media journalists are exploring the new
eBlack Studies at a meeting organised by the Chronicleworld.org
at the Black History Month celebration at City Hall,
18 October 2004. The respected US professor Dr Abdul
Alkalimat discusses transforming traditional Black Studies
education using information technology, computers and
the Internet with Stella Dadzie, educator and trainer,
Dr Hakim Adi, political historian, Lester Holloway, online
journalist, and Temi Odumosu, cultural researcher,
Women are online innovators
Second, increasingly, women are showing their energy
and daring online. They exude a ray of hope to women
who want to build up their achievement. "IT [Information
Technology] is not the sole preserve of the male and
the nerdy," says Foluke Akinlose, creator of the
interactive lifestyle magazine for women of colour, Precious
online, www.preciousonline.co.uk. Dr Elizabeth Rasekoala,
founder of the African Caribbean Network for Science
and Technology, has pioneered the Ishango Science Clubs
of Britain, www.ishangohouse.com.
Ros Griffiths founded the Employment Café a web
based job vacancies initiative. She received the Carlton
TV 2002 for outstanding contribution to community life
and the most innovative Start-up award from the European
Federation of Black Business Owners.
Women are revolutionising the provision of online housing
and employment services. Sheron Carter, head of community
development, catapulted the Ujima Housing Association
into the limelight in 2003 when she opened the first
centre of excellence for aspiring Black and minority
ethnic enterprises.
Ms Carter hopes the centre, called First Base, will
train students to manage businesses with a social conscience. "Social
housing landlords and charities, like Ujima, have a big
role to play in popularising a new approach to using
Information Technology," adds Emmanuel Ohaja, editor
of Admission: Your Ticket to the Digital World.
A new generation of Cyber-griots can create
Storytelling neighbourhoods to aid community cohesion.
Third, community groups, business leaders, political
activists, and academics and students are set to form
a frontline of uncensored net-linked Black voices. And
they are taking tips from a range of innovations.
- With Vox Politics and Bloggers websites they can
broadcast alternative views about the laws and social
practices that affect black people.
- From their frontline Netville websites cyberorganisers
can wire up whole communities. Internet-based Speakers
Corners can give people a chance to
have their say without passing through official or
mass media channels. A new generation
of Cyber-griots can create Storytelling neighbourhoods to aid community
cohesion. eBlack Studies labs can encourage students
to think in new ways about careers
in science, technology and languages.
- Uniquely, homeless online websites
can keep people without a regular abode connected;
this is made possible as computers have become more
available
in
community centres, public libraries and low-cost cyber cafes. The homeless
can get mail electronically, meet friends and even store their points of
view about social policies. Cyber centres can offer housing help and skills
development
to the increasing number of down and outers among Black people.
- Unsurprisingly,
motivational web sites provide the "soul food" of
net-linked Black communities, helping them to get serious about saving
and building their heritage and history. God online
web sites can help churches
tap into the Internet to reach congregants, not just to watch Sunday services
live online and pay their tithes but to lay a foundation for wealth building.
- In
addition, cyberorganisers are keen to promote Blacks
in government web sites that help people make decisions
about things that are important to them: jobs, health
care, music and cultural expression, the environment,
and security. Advocacy websites can help Black entrepreneurs
cut costs, reach new markets and improve their contributions
to beneficial social and political change. London-Africa-Caribbean
exchange websites can train regional instructors in
technology, media and telecommunications (TMT).
- All
over the Black World - of Africa, the Caribbean and
the Americas - freelance, investigative journalists
and courageous "citizen reporters" are creating
popular websites as alternatives to official and business
dominated websites, and are broadcasting to millions.
What "Going Digital" means
The trends explored here describe a new social phenomenon
- the emergence of Blacks in Britain as Internet
connected communities. They are groups of people
within a shared
geography (for example, a district, like Brixton,
or region, like inner city London) and a shared interest
(for example, in promoting race equality and best
practices
in urban development).
What is important is that they use the Internet to capture,
amplify and connect local voices. This premise rests
upon a moral and political, as well as technical underpinning
of the future.
In the cut and thrust of urban politics and the fierce
competition for uplift and scarce resources many people
have already come to a profound conviction. If Black
communities want a better future for themselves and their
children, they will have to raise their public value
using the new information and communications technologies.
Bid now for £14m e-Innovations jackpot
Why? Because "Going Digital" can reap tangible
benefits. For example, bids put in now can garner a share
of the Government's e-Innovations fund worth £14m
overall that comes up for grabs in late 2004. What the
funders want are proposals to "Bridge the Digital
Divide". Potential winners are projects that demonstrate
how e-Government can improve service delivery to socially
excluded populations. (See http://www.govtech.net an
official site dealing with "solutions for State
and Local Government in the Information Age" and
http://www.odpm.gov.uk, the website of the Office of
the Deputy Prime Minister, John Prescott).
Local e-Government Minister Paul Hope emphasised these
points in March 2004 when he announced the first-round
winners that are part of a wider £675m Local e-Government
Programme. "E-Government is not just about computers
or websites. It is about improving the way people use
their local services and improving their experience of
dealing with Government," he said.
e-Power to the people
Going Digital offers the means for Black people to reach
new stages in the equality struggle. It helps them
build co-operative cyber institutions for empowerment.
Strategically, going digital is an effective means
of expressing dissatisfaction with a society that claims
to play by "race-blind" rules but tolerates
de facto discrimination against people of colour. It
can also be a valuable agency for mobilising Blacks
to register and turnout to vote.
(But there are pitfalls. Cyberspace observers agree
that it may be too early to talk of ending the marginalisation
of Black communities by means of the Internet. Unemployment,
lone parenthood and low wages are common among African
Caribbeans, according to the official Family Resources
Survey. And we know that access to and usage of the Internet
depend to a large extent on social class and household
income. Furthermore, James E Katz and Ronald E Rice in
Social Consequences of Internet Use (MIT Press 2002)
say: "The digital divide between the well-off and
the disadvantaged may be worsening". Indeed, what
we may see in future is "the triumph of corporate
interests" over public interest, says Caleb Carr,
in his online article Information poisoning. Salon.com
January 8 2001. This is bad news, of course. If this
pattern of information poverty and unyielding, insensitive
corporate and bureaucratic influence persists, disadvantaged
Blacks will find themselves dumped on the waste tips
of London's information driven economy.)
Nevertheless, information researchers claim that Internet
access offers great benefits to socially excluded people. "Internet
access can enhance participation, reduce isolation and
[increase] access to information and provide an entree
to wider opportunities", according to a pioneering
study called Connecting People published by the Mayor
of London, November 2003. Sara Ferlander of Stirling
University confirms "that there is a positive relationship
between the use of ICT, social capital and local community
development in her doctoral study of Internet Cafés
in Stockholm, Sweden.
Confidence is growing
Many social theorists are growing increasingly confident
in understanding how the Internet helps foster democratic
social relations. Simon Wills in Connected Cities (Premium
Publishing 2004) suggests that "wired up" cities
offer "the prospect of a [electronically] connected
democracy [and] presents us with the opportunity of
giving greater power to the people".
Furthermore, in Britain, Black-led web sites are promoting
respect for cultural freedom against the rising tide
of race hate. Indeed, in Europe, where more than 10 million
people of African, Asian, Middle Eastern and Caribbean
origins reside after a long history of migration, the
Internet is assuming a crucial role in strengthening
their solidarity, according to researchers at the London
School of Economics.
Recently, the Council of Europe, the main decision making
body of the European Union, declared cyberspace to be
a racism-free zone. This follows the advice of a committee
of experts on criminal acts of racism and xenophobia.
In addition, Mira-Media, a Dutch campaigning organisation,
has launched a European manifesto for "more colour
in the media", supported by networks of minority
community media throughout the continent.
Cyberorganisers must leave a legacy of e-Knowledge and
Action for the next generation
Afro-British communities are a part, therefore, of a
significant continental and worldwide trend. Citizens
from many backgrounds, Black, white and minority ethnic,
are increasingly using the Internet and mobile telephony
to re-engage with political systems and make them more
responsive to popular demands.
Moreover, there is a growing awareness that the web
is admirably suited to broadcasting alternative and irreverent
views. Cyberorganisers say the Internet is not the sole
property of any one nation, class or people. It is immediate,
interactive and "owned" by you not media magnates
or political controllers. Above all, they say, your access
to the web cannot be prevented, certainly not without
draconian illiberal state policies.
Internet-Connecting outposts of the Black World
This global perspective comfortably fits the Internet
needs of trans-national diasporic peoples locked
in the unwelcoming embrace of western cities. Blacks
in
Britain are part of a network of web sites connecting
the outposts of the Black World, the tri-continental
African Digital Diaspora.
One ideal goal is to join with the new African Union
(AU) in an innovative mission: mobilising the African
Diaspora in Europe to campaign for protection for immigrants
and asylum, debt relief, and African and Caribbean Development.
(The African Union, officially launched in Durban, South
Africa, on 9 July 2002, replaces the Organisation of
African Unity. Based loosely on the structure of the
European Union, the African Union upholds the sovereign
equality and independence of its 53 member states and
aims to promote peace, security and solidarity on the
African continent.)
Diasporic web sites are transmitters of social and cultural
values. In many ways, they spread information and speak
to the needs of people like modern versions of Africa's
griots, Caribbean calypsonians, and African American
gospel, soul, folk and blues singers. Eventually, when
the far-flung Internet web sites are linked together,
Black British communities may be able to communicate
across the Diaspora and with Africa in a seamless dynamic
narrative.
The strength of these initiatives flows from the fact
that vanguard cyberorganisers in Black communities are
determined to hand over a legacy of e-Knowledge and Action
to the next generation. They will continue trend-setting
and promoting innovative,uncensored net-linked Black
voices.
The big challenge is steering Afro-British communities
through the transition from information poverty to cyber-empowerment
in a future world of "online broadband communications
and connectivity".
But the road to fulfilment of these ideas and ideals
is hard. Progress will require Government action and
radical e-Policy reforms. It is in the interests of the
Prime Minister and London's Mayor that the governing
New Labour party devise an e-Manifesto that promises
to build bridges across the digital and racial divide.
Moreover,they should ensure that revised UK Online strategies
are linked with a push for race equality and the fundamental
redistribution of opportunities to the most disadvantaged
people.
It is impossible to predict the precise consequences
of these trends, innovations, and reconstructed e-Policies.
But one thing is certain: Black people, and their supporters,
are learning that the problem of the 21st century is
the problem of creating cyberpower for progress and equality
in the information age.
© Copyright 1997-2005 Chronicle World -
first published 13/11/04
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